The islands and operation were purchased by Occidental Petroleum in 2000. The pumped oil contained 20% water in 1965, and by 1994 it was 92% water. The 900 millionth barrel of oil was pumped in April 2002, and the one billionth in 2011. By 1992, the pumping volume was 44,444 barrels (7,066.0 m 3) of oil per day through the water injection method of oil recovery, producing low-grade crude oil. 300 million barrels (48,000,000 m 3) of oil were pumped from THUMS by 1974, the 500 millionth barrel of crude oil was pumped in 1980. A federal jury cleared Exxon of all charges, and the other four oil companies settled out of court for "hundreds of millions of dollars". In 1975, the state of California and the city of Long Beach sued the THUMS oil companies for artificially depressing oil prices. They were described by a Los Angeles Times writer as "part Disney, part Jetsons, part Swiss Family Robinson". The aesthetic mitigation cost $10 million at time of construction, and was overseen by theme park architect Joseph Linesch. The structures are lit by colored lights at night. The islands contain significant landscaping, a waterfall, and tall structures concealing the drilling rigs, including one known as The Condo and mistaken for "a ritzy hotel" by those on land. The rim of the islands are made of 640,000 tons of boulders from Catalina Island, and the islands were then filled with 3.2 million cubic yards of dredged material from the bay. The islands were operated by THUMS, a consortium named after the parent companies who bid for the island contract: Texaco, Humble (now Exxon), Union Oil, Mobil, and Shell. "Gus" Grissom) and White ( Ed White) are named after the Apollo 1 astronauts killed in a launch pad accident.Īfter a 1964 court case that gave the state of California mineral rights to the area, the islands were built at an estimated cost of $22 million in 1965.
"Ted" Freeman) is named for the first astronaut to perish in active duty (piloting a T-38 Talon jet trainer). Since 1967, they have also been known as the Astronaut Islands, each individual island having been named in honor of an American astronaut who lost their lives in the service of NASA. The islands were named for the company who bid for original operating contract, THUMS, a consortium named after its parent companies: Texaco, Humble, Unocal, Mobil, and Shell. The landscaping and sound walls were designed to camouflage the operation and reduce noise, and they are the only decorated oil islands in the United States.
The THUMS Islands were built in 1965 to tap into the East Wilmington Oil Field. The THUMS Islands are a set of four artificial islands in San Pedro Bay off the coast of Long Beach, California.
Island Grissom, one of the THUMS Islands, the closest to land and most camouflaged
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